关键词: GIS, 气象监测网络, 森林火险预警, 气象因素, 植被类型, 与道路的距离, 层析分析法, Voronoi图

Abstract:

Forest fire occurs frequently and suddenly. Therefore, it is essential to carry out the rapid warning of forest fire danger for the reduction of the loss caused by forest fire and the promotion of sustainable development of forest resources. This paper designs an early-warning model based on GIS spatial analysis and visualization technology and the construction of real-time meteorological monitoring network using ground meteorological stations, which can achieve timely and rapid warning of forest fire danger. To build the model, this paper first determines the forest fire danger early-warning factors, which are the input parameters of the model. Secondly, a hierarchy model of the importance of early warning indicators is constructed to determine the weight of the early warning factors via using the AHP method and combining the analysis of early warning factors. Then, the thresholds and grade division criteria of the early-warning factor are determined according to the national, industrial, and local regulations for determining forest fire danger levels, which is suitable for the model. Finally, the Voronoi Diagrams are used to establish a meteorological monitoring network based on weather stations and real-time weather data. The Overlay Analysis technology is used to calculate the early warning result. Based on the model and real-time acquisition and processing of data, a rapid warning system for forest fires was constructed. This paper took Qinghai Province as the experimental area where the feasibility and applicability of the system were verified, which indicates that early warning of forest fire danger can be realized by the model comprehensively, accurately, and rapidly. Results show that: (1) According to the early-warning model, the real-time early-warning indicators which were set before, and real-time meteorological monitoring data, the early-warning signal can be sent in time, which can quickly realize early warning and timely response of forest fire risks at the county and forest farm levels; (2) Via introducing GIS visualization methods, the thematic map of forest fire risk spatial distribution can be generated by the model quickly, which is conducive to observe changes in early-warning levels visually. The rapid warning of forest fire risks has important guiding functions for effective prevention, interruption management, and prevention measures of forest fire, and has great significance for forest fire prevention work, protection of forest resources, and safety of human life and property.

Key words: Geographic Information Systems, weather monitoring network, forest fire risk early warning, meteorological factors, vegetation types, distance from roads, analytic hierarchy process, Voronoi diagram