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     拟合推估解算必须首先求得信号向量的方差协方差矩阵,该协方差矩阵一般通过选定的协方差函数,并通过已测点数据进行拟合得到。显然观测噪声的先验方差协方差阵与拟合得到的随机信号的方差协方差矩阵必须相互协调,即观测噪声向量和信号向量的权矩阵所对应的方差因子应该一致,否则将对固定效应和随机效应参数的估计带来系统性的影响。应用方差分量估计来协调拟合推估模型中观测噪声和信号向量的随机模型,并分别从极大似然估计、MINQUE估计、赫尔默特方差分量估计三方面构建了拟合推估模型的方差分量解,最后利用新提出的理论与方法,对一幅实际的扫描地形图进行误差纠正,结果表明基于方差分量估计的拟合推估法能够提高扫描地形图的精度。

     Collocation needs to know the covariance matrix of the signal vector,which is usually evaluated by a chosen covariance function and corresponding coefficient fitting.The covariance matrices of the observational noise and the stochastic signals should be harmonic,the corresponding weight matrices of the observations and the signals should correspond to the same variance scale.Otherwise,the collocation results will be twist.The variance component estimation to balance the stochastic models of the observations...